Preamble Part I. Of the Fundamental Declarations of the Rights, of the Duties, and of the Guarantees Title I. Of the Fundamental Declarations Article 1. Of the Form of the State and of the Government Article 2. Of Sovereignty Article 3. Of the Public Power Title II. Of the Rights, of the Duties, and of the Guarantees Chapter I. Of Life and of the Environment Section I. Of Life Article 4. Of the Right to Life Article 5. Of the Torture and Other Crimes [Delitos] Article 6. Of the Quality of Life Section II. Of the Environment Article 7. Of the Right to a Healthy Environment Article 8. Of Environmental Protection Chapter II. Of Liberty Article 9. Of the Freedom and of the Security of the Persons Article 10. Of the Proscription of Slavery and Other [Forms of] Servitude Article 11. Of the Deprivation of Liberty Article 12. Of Detention and of Arrest Article 13. Of No Deprivation of Freedom for Debts Article 14. Of the Non-retroactivity of the Law Article 15. Of the Prohibition of Making Justice by Oneself [Hacerse Justicia por si Mismo] Article 16. Of the Defense during [en] Trial [Juicio] Article 17. Of Procedural Rights Article 18. Of the Restrictions of the Declaration Article 19. Of the Preventive Imprisonment Article 20. Of the Object of the Penalties Article 21. Of the Imprisonment of Persons Article 22. Of the Publication Concerning Processes Article 23. Of the Evidence [Prueba] of the Truth Article 24. Of Religious and Ideological Freedom Article 25. Of the Expression of the Personality Article 26. Of the Freedom of Expression and of the Press Article 27. Of the Use of the Mass Media of Social Communication Article 28. Of the Right to Be Informed Article 29. Of the Freedom to Practice Journalism Article 30. Of Electromagnetic Communication Signals Article 31. Of the Mass Media of Social Communication of the State Article 32. Of the Freedom of Assembly and of Manifestation Article 33. Of the Right to Intimacy Article 34. Of the Inviolability of Private Premises Article 35. Of the Identification Documents Article 36. Of the Right to the Inviolability of the Documental Patrimony [Patrimonio Documental] and of the Private Communication Article 37. Of the Right to Conscientious Objection Article 38. Of the Right to Defend Common Interests [Intereses Difusos] Article 39. Of the Right to Just, Adequate Indemnification Article 40. Of the Right to Petition the Authorities Article 41. Of the Right to Circulate and to Residency Article 42. Of the Freedom of Association Article 43. Of the Right to Asylum Article 44. Of Taxes Article 45. Of Unstated Rights and Guarantees Chapter III. Of the Equality Article 46. Of the Equality of Persons Article 47. Of the Guarantees of Equality Article 48. Of the Equality of Rights of Men and Women Chapter IV. Of the Rights of the Family Article 49. Of the Protection of the Family Article 50. Of the Right to Constitute [a] Family Article 51. Of the Matrimony and of the Effects of the Unions of Fact Article 52. Of the Union in Matrimony Article 53. Of Children Article 54. Of the Protection of the Child Article 55. Of Maternity and Paternity Article 56. Of Youth Article 57. Of the Senior Citizens [Tercera Edad] Article 58. Of the Rights of Exceptional People Article 59. Of the Family Asset Article 60. Of the Protection against Violence Article 61. Of Family Planning and of Maternal-Child Health [Care] Chapter V. Of the Indigenous Peoples Article 62. Of the Indigenous Peoples and the Ethnic Groups Article 63. Of the Ethnic Identity Article 64. Of the Property of the Community Article 65. Of the Right to Participate Article 66. Of the Education and Assistance Article 67. Of the Exoneration Chapter VI. Of Health Article 68. Of the Right to Health Article 69. Of the National System of Health Article 70. Of a the Social Welfare Regime Article 71. Of the Drug Trade, of Drug Addiction and of Rehabilitation Article 72. Of the Control of Quality Chapter VII. Of Education and of Culture Article 73. Of the Right to Education and of Its Goals [Fines] Article 74. Of the Right to Learn and of the Freedom to Teach Article 75. Of Educational Responsibility Article 76. Of the Obligations of the State Article 77. Of Teaching in the Native [Materna] Language Article 78. Of the Technical Education Article 79. Of the Universities and Superior Institutes Article 80. Of the Funds for Scholarship and Aids Article 81. Of the Cultural Patrimony Article 82. Of the Recognition of the Catholic Church Article 83. Of Cultural Diffusion and Exemption from Taxes Article 84. Of the Promotion of Sports Article 85. Of the Minimum Budget Chapter VIII. Of Labor Section I. Of Labor Rights Article 86. Of the Right to Work Article 87. Of Full Employment Article 88. Of Nondiscrimination Article 89. Of the Work of Women Article 90. Of the Work of Minors Article 91. Of the Working Days [Jornadas] and of Resting Days Article 92. Of the Remuneration of the Work Article 93. Of the Additional Benefits to Workers Article 94. Of Stability and of Indemnification Article 95. Of Social Security Article 96. Of the Syndical Freedom Article 97. Of the Collective Agreements [Convenios] Article 98. Of the Right to Strike and to Lock-out [Paro] Article 99. Of Compliance with the Labor Norms Article 100. Of the Right to Housing [Vivenda] Section II. Of the Public Function Article 101. Of the Functionaries and of the Public Employees Article 102. Of the Labor Rights of the Functionaries and of the Public Employees Article 103. Of the Regime of Retirement Article 104. Of the Obligatory Declaration of Assets and Income [Rentas] Article 105. Of the Prohibition of Double Remuneration Article 106. Of the Responsibility of the Functionary and of the Public Employee Chapter IX. Of the Economic Rights and of the Agrarian Reform Section I. Of the Economic Rights Article 107. Of the Freedom of Competition [Concurrencia] Article 108. Of the Free Circulation of Products Article 109. Of Private Property Article 110. Of Copyrights and Intellectual Property Article 111. Of the Transfers of the Public Enterprises Article 112. Of the Domain of the State Article 113. Of the Promotion of Cooperatives Section II. Of Agrarian Reform Article 114. Of the Objectives of Agrarian Reform Article 115. Of the Bases of Agrarian Reform and of Rural Development Article 116. Of the Unproductive Latifundia Chapter X. Of the Political Rights and Duties Article 117. Of the Political Rights Article 118. Of Suffrage Article 119. Of Suffrage Concerning the Intermediate Organizations Article 120. Of the Electors Article 121. Of the Referenda Article 122. Of the Matters That May Not Be the Object of [a] Referendum Article 123. Of the Popular Initiative Article 124. Of the Nature and the Functions of the Political Parties Article 125. Of the Freedom of Organization in Political Parties or Movements Article 126. Of the Prohibitions to the Political Parties and Movements Chapter XI. Of the Duties Article 127. Of Compliance with the Law Article 128. Of the Primacy of the General Interest and of the Duty to Collaborate Article 129. Of the Military Service Article 130. Of the Glorious Sons [Beneméritos] of the Fatherland [Patria] Chapter XII. Of the Constitutional Guarantees Article 131. Of the Guarantees Article 132. Of Unconstitutionality Article 133. Of Habeas Corpus Article 134. Of Amparo Article 135. Of Habeas Data Article 136. Of the Competence and of the Responsibility of the Magistrates Part II. Of the Political Order of the Republic Title I. Of the Nation and of the State Chapter I. Of the General Declarations Article 137. Of the Supremacy of the Constitution Article 138. Of the Validity of the Juridical Order Article 139. Of the Symbols Article 140. Of the Languages Chapter II. Of International Relations Article 141. Of International Treaties Article 142. Of the Denunciation of the Treaties Article 143. Of International Relations Article 144. Of the Renunciation of War Article 145. Of the Supranational Juridical Order Chapter III. Of Nationality and of Citizenship Article 146. Of Natural Nationality Article 147. Of the Non-Deprivation of the Natural Nationality Article 148. Of Nationality by Naturalization Article 149. Of Multiple Nationality Article 150. Of the Loss of Nationality Article 151. Of Honorary Nationality Article 152. Of Citizenship Article 153. Of the Suspension of the Exercise of Citizenship Article 154. Of the Exclusive Competence of the Judicial Power Chapter IV. Of the Territorial Order of the Republic Section I. Of the General Provisions Article 155. Of the Territory, of Sovereignty, and of Inalienability Article 156. Of the Political and Administrative Structure Article 157. Of the Capital Article 158. Of the National Services Article 159. Of the Departments and Municipalities Article 160. Of the Regions Section II. Of the Departments Article 161. Of the Departmental Government Article 162. Of the Requirements Article 163. Of Competence Article 164. Of the Resources Article 165. Of the Intervention Section III. Of the Municipalities Article 166. Of the Autonomy Article 167. Of the Municipal Government Article 168. Of the Attributions Article 169. Of Real Estate Tax [Impuesto Inmobiliario] Article 170. Of the Protection of Resources Article 171. Of the Categories and of the Regimes Chapter V. Of the Public Force Article 172. Of the Composition Article 173. Of the Armed Forces Article 174. Of the Military Tribunals Article 175. Of the National Police Chapter VI. Of the Economic Policy of the State Section I. Of National Economic Development Article 176. Of the Economic Policy and of the Promotion of Development Article 177. Of the Character of the Development Plans Section II. Of Financial Organization Article 178. Of the Resources of the State Article 179. Of the Creation of Taxes Article 180. Of Double Imposition Article 181. Of the Equality of the Tax Title II. Of the Structure and of the Organization of the State Chapter I. Of the Legislative Power Section I. Of the General Provisions Article 182. Of [Its] Composition Article 183. Of the Meeting in Congress Article 184. Of the Sessions Article 185. Of the Joint Sessions Article 186. Of the Commissions Article 187. Of the Election and of the Duration Article 188. Of the Swearing or Promise Article 189. Of Life Senators [Senadurías] Article 190. Of the Regulations Article 191. Of the Immunities Article 192. Of the Request of Reports Article 193. Of the Summoning and of Interpellation Article 194. Of the Vote of Censure Article 195. Of the Commissions of Investigation Article 196. Of the Incompatibilities Article 197. Of the Inabilities Article 198. Of the Relative Inability Article 199. Of the Permissions Article 200. Of the Election of Authorities Article 201. Of the Loss of Investiture [Investidura] Article 202. Of the Duties and of the Attributions Section II. Of the Formation and the Sanction of the Laws Article 203. Of the Origin and of the Initiative Article 204. Of the Approval and of the Promulgation of the Bills Article 205. Of the Automatic Promulgation Article 206. Of the Procedure for the Total Rejection Article 207. Of the Procedure for Partial Modification Article 208. Of the Partial Objection Article 209. Of the Total Objection Article 210. Of the Treatment of Urgency Article 211. Of the Automatic Sanction Article 212. Of the Withdrawal or of the Renouncement [Desistimiento] Article 213. Of Publication Article 214. Of the Formulas Article 215. Of the Delegated Commission Article 216. Of the General Budget of the Nation Article 217. Of the Enforcement of the Budget Section III. Of the Permanent Commission of the Congress Article 218. Of the Conformation Article 219. Of the Duties and of the Attributions Article 220. Of the Final Reports Section IV. Of the Chamber of Deputies Article 221. Of the Composition Article 222. Of the Exclusive Attributions of the Chamber of Deputies Section V. Of the Chamber of Senators Article 223. Of Its Composition Article 224. Of the Exclusive Attributions of the Chamber of Senators Section VI. Of the Political Trial [Juicio Político] Article 225. Of the Procedure Chapter II. Of the Executive Power Section I. Of the President of the Republic and of the Vice President Article 226. Of the Exercise of the Executive Power Article 227. Of the Vice President Article 228. Of the Requirements Article 229. Of the Duration of the Mandate Article 230. Of the Presidential Elections Article 231. Of the Assumption of the Offices Article 232. Of the Entering into Possession of the Offices Article 233. Of the Absences Article 234. Of [Being] Leaderless [Acefalía] Article 235. Of the Inabilities Article 236. Of the Inability for Infringement against the Constitution Article 237. Of the Incompatibilities Article 238. Of the Duties and of the Attributions of the President of the Republic Article 239. Of the Duties and of the Attributions of the Vice President of the Republic Section II. Of the Ministers and of the Council of Ministers Article 240. Of the Functions Article 241. Of the Requirements, of the Incompatibilities, and of the Immunities Article 242. Of the Duties and of the Attributions of the Ministers Article 243. Of the Duties and of the Attributions of the Council of Ministers Section III. Of the Office of the Procurator General [Procuraduría General] of the Republic Article 244. Of the Composition Article 245. Of the Requirements, and of the Appointment Article 246. Of the Duties and of the Attributions Chapter III. Of the Judicial Power Section I. Of the General Provisions Article 247. Of the Function and of the Composition Article 248. Of the Independence of the Judicial Power Article 249. Of the Budgetary Autarchy Article 250. Of the Oath or Promise Article 251. Of the Appointment Article 252. Of the Irremovability of the Magistrates Article 253. Of the Trial and of the Removal of the Magistrates Article 254. Of the Incompatibilities Article 255. Of the Immunities Article 256. Of the Form of the Trials Article 257. Of the Obligation to Collaborate with Justice Section II. Of the Supreme Court of Justice Article 258. Of the Integration and of the Requirements Article 259. Of the Duties and of the Attributions Article 260. Of the Duties and of the Attributions of the Constitutional Chamber Article 261. Of the Removal and Cessation of the Ministers of the Supreme Court of Justice Section III. Of the Council of the Magistrature Article 262. Of the Composition Article 263. Of the Requirements and of the Duration Article 264. Of the Duties and of the Attributions Article 265. Of the Tribunal of Accounts [Tribunal de Cuentas] and of Other Magistratures and Auxiliary Organs [Organismos] Section IV. Of the Public Ministry Article 266. Of the Composition and of the Functions Article 267. Of the Requirements Article 268. Of the Duties and of the Attributions Article 269. Of the Election and of the Duration Article 270. Of the State Attorneys [Agentes Fiscales] Article 271. Of the Taking Possession of Their Offices Article 272. Of the Judicial Police Section V. Of the Electoral Justice Article 273. Of the Competence Article 274. Of the Integration Article 275. Of the Superior Tribunal of Electoral Justice Chapter IV. Of the Other Organs [Organismos] of the State Section I. Of the Office of the Defender [Defensoría] of the People Article 276. Of the Defender of the People Article 277. Of the Autonomy, of the Appointment and of the Removal Article 278. Of the Requirements, of the Incompatibilities and of the Immunities Article 279. Of the Duties and of the Attributions Article 280. Of the Regulation of His Functions Section II. Of the Office of the Comptroller [Contraloría] General of the Republic Article 281. Of the Nature, of the Composition and of the Duration Article 282. Of the Report and of the Resolution [Dictamen] Article 283. Of the Duties and of the Attributions Article 284. Of the Immunities, of the Incompatibilities and of the Removal Section III. Of the Central Bank of the State Article 285. Of the Nature, of the Duties, and of the Attributions Article 286. Of the Prohibitions Article 287. Of the Organization and of the Functioning Title III. Of the State of Exception Article 288. Of the Declaration, of the Causes, of the Enforcement and of the Time Periods Title IV. Of the Reform and of the Amendment of the Constitution Article 289. Of the Reform [Reforma] Article 290. Of the Amendment [Enmienda] Article 291. Of the Powers [Potestad] of the National Constituent Convention Title V. Of the Final and Transitory Provisions Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 9 Article 10 Article 11 Article 12 Article 13 Article 14 Article 15 Article 16 Article 17 Article 18 Article 19 Article 20
The guarantees contained in this chapter are established to make effective the rights consecrated in this Constitution, [and] will be regulated by the law.
The Supreme Court of Justice has the faculty to declare the unconstitutionality of the juridical norms and of the judicial resolutions, in the manner and to the extent [alcances] established in this Constitution and in the law.
This guarantee can be interposed by the affected [persons] themselves or by the interposition of another person, without the need of power by any legitimate [fehaciente] means, and before any Judge of First Instance of the respective judicial circumscription.
Habeas Corpus may be:
Preventive: by virtue of which all persons, in the imminent moment [trance] of being illegally deprived of their physical freedom, may obtain [recabar] the review [examen] of the legitimacy of the circumstances that, in their opinion [criterio], threaten their freedom, as well as an order [orden] for the ceasing of those restrictions.
Reparative: by virtue of which all persons who would find themselves illegally deprived of their freedom may obtain [recabar] the rectification of the circumstances of the case. The magistrate will order the appearance [comparecencia] of the detainee, with a report [informe] from the public or private agent who made the detention, within the 24 hours of the filing of the petition. If the [agent so] required failed to do so, the judge will constitute himself at the place where the person is being held [recluida], and at that place he will make [a] judgment of merits and will provide for his immediate freedom, in the same way as if the appearance of the detainee had been complied with and the report had been filed. If legal motives that authorize the deprivation of his freedom do not exist, he will provide for it immediately; if there were a written order from a judicial authority, he will refer the prior records [antecendentes] to [the authority] who provided for the detention.
Generic: by virtue of which rectification of circumstances may be requested that, not being contemplated in the two prior cases, restrict the freedom or threaten the personal security [of a person]. In the same way, this guarantee may be interposed in the cases of physical, psychological or moral violence against individuals who have been legally deprived of their freedom.
The law will regulate the various modalities of habeas corpus, which can proceed even during the state of exception. The procedure will be brief, summary and gratuitous [and] can be initiated ex officio.
All persons that for an act or an omission, manifestly illegitimate, of an authority or of a particular [person], consider themselves gravely affected, or in imminent danger to become so in rights and guarantees consecrated in this Constitution or in the law, and that due to the urgency of the case may not be remedied through the ordinary way [via], may promote amparo before the competent magistrate.
The procedure will be brief, summary, gratuitous and of popular action for the cases specified by the law.
The magistrate will have the faculty to safeguard the right or guarantee, or to immediately restore[,] the infringed juridical situation.
If it were about an electoral issue, or [an issue] relative to political organizations, the electoral justice will be competent.
Amparo may not be promoted in the processing [tramitación] of judicial causes, or against acts by judicial organs, or in the process of formation, sanction and promulgation of the laws.
The law will regulate the respective procedure. The sentences falling under Amparo may not result in finality [no causarán estado].
All persons may access the information and the data that about themselves, or about their assets, [that] is [obren] in official or private registries of a public character, as well as to know the use made of the same and of their end. [All persons] may request before the competent magistrate the updating, the rectification or the destruction of these, if they were wrong or illegitimately affected their rights.
No judicial magistrate that would have competence may refuse to decide [entender] in the actions or recourses specified in the previous Articles; If he does so without justification, he will be prosecuted and, if it is the case, removed.
In the decisions they dictate, the judicial magistrates must also pronounce themselves on the responsibilities committed by the authorities by [obra] the illegal proceeding and, if circumstances mediate that they[,] prima facie[,] so evidence the perpetration of [a] crime, they will order the detention or suspension of the responsible [persons], as well as any precautionary [cautelar] measure that would proceed for the greater effectiveness of those responsibilities. In the same way, if they have competence, they will prepare [instruirá] the pertinent sumario [statement of facts] and they will give intervention to the Public Ministry; if they do not have [competence], they will pass on the prior records [antecendentes] to the competent magistrate for his prosecution [of the matter].
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