8. Citizens on the commencement of the Constitution
Every person who, immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution, is a citizen of The Gambia, shall, subject to this Constitution-
continue to be a citizen of The Gambia;
retain the same status as a citizen by birth, by descent, by registration or by naturalisation, as the case may be, as he or she enjoyed immediately before the coming into force of this Constitution.
9. Citizen by birth
Every person born in The Gambia after the coming into force of this Constitution shall become a citizen of The Gambia at the date of his or her birth if, at the time of his or her birth, one or both of his or her parents is a citizen of The Gambia.
10. Citizen by descent
A person born outside The Gambia after the coming into force of this Constitution shall be a citizen of The Gambia by descent if at the time of his or her birth either of his or her parents is a citizen of The Gambia otherwise than by virtue of this section or any comparable provision of any earlier Constitution.
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is married to a citizen of The Gambia and, since the marriage, has been ordinarily resident in The Gambia for a period of not less than seven years; or
has been married to another who was, during the subsistence of the marriage, a citizen of The Gambia and, since the end of the marriage (whether by annulment, divorce or death), has been ordinarily resident in The Gambia for a period of not less than seven years, shall be entitled, upon making application in such manner as may be prescribed by or under an Act of the National Assembly, to be registered as a citizen of The Gambia.
The annulment of a marriage of a person who has been registered as a citizen of The Gambia under this section, or under the provisions of any earlier law for the registration as a citizen of The Gambia of a person on account of marriage, shall not affect that person’s status as a citizen of The Gambia.
12. Naturalisation as a citizen
Any person who has been ordinarily resident in The Gambia for a continuous period of not less than fifteen years and who satisfies the conditions set out in subsection (2) may apply, in such manner as may be prescribed by or under an Act of the National Assembly, to be naturalised as a citizen of The Gambia.
The conditions referred to in subsection (1) are that the applicant-
is of full age and capacity;
is of good character;
has clearly shown that, if naturalised, he or she intends to continue permanently to reside in The Gambia;
is capable of supporting himself or herself and his or her dependants.
The Secretary of State shall give reasons for any refusal of an application made under this section.
No person shall be naturalized until he or she has renounced any other citizenship he or she may have and taken an oath of allegiance to The Gambia.
12A. Dual citizenship
A citizen of The Gambia who acquires the citizenship of another country may, if he or she desires, retain his or her citizenship of The Gambia
An Act of the National Assembly may make provision for the better implementation of this section.
13. Deprivation of citizenship
The Secretary of State may apply to the High Court for an order depriving a person who has been registered or naturalised as a citizen of The Gambia of his or her citizenship on the grounds that he or she-
has acquired by registration, naturalisation or any voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) the citizenship of any other country;
has acquired the citizenship of Gambia by means of fraud, false representation or the concealment of any material fact;
has, at any time since acquiring citizenship of The Gambia, voluntarily claimed and exercised in a country other than The Gambia any rights available to him or her under the laws of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens;
has within seven years after being registered or naturalised been convicted in any country of an offence involving fraud, dishonesty or moral turpitude.
and, in the cases referred to in paragraphs (c) and (d), it is not conducive to the public good that he or she should continue to be a citizen of The Gambia.
Before making any application for an order under this section, the Secretary of State shall give notice in writing to the person concerned of the grounds for the application and of his or her right to be heard and to be legally represented at the hearing of the application before the Court.
If the High Court is satisfied that the Secretary of State has established that the person concerned has acted in a manner described in subsection (1) and notified to that person, and, in a case referred to in paragraph (c) or (d) of sub-section (1) that it is not conducive to the public good that the person concerned should continue to be a citizen of The Gambia, it shall make an order depriving that person of his or her citizenship of The Gambia.
Nothing in this or any other provision of this Constitution or any other law shall be construed as depriving, or authorising any person or authority to deprive, any citizen of The Gambia by birth or descent of his or her citizenship of The Gambia whether on account of such citizen’s holding the citizenship or nationality of some other country or for any other cause.
14. Restoration of citizenship
A citizen of The Gambia who loses his or her citizenship of The Gambia as a result of the acquisition or possession of the citizenship of some other country shall, on the renunciation of the citizenship of that other country, be entitled to be registered, or if he or she was formerly a citizen by birth or descent, to be officially recognised, as a citizen of The Gambia.
15. Acts of the National Assembly
An Act of the National Assembly may make provision for-
the acquisition of the citizenship of The Gambia by persons who are not eligible to become citizens under the provisions of this Chapter;
the renunciation by any person of his or her citizenship of The Gambia; and
generally to give effect to the provisions of this Chapter.
16. Interpretation of Chapter III
In this Chapter, “Secretary of State” means the Secretary of State for the time being responsible for citizenship matters.
For the purposes of this Chapter, a person born aboard a registered ship or aircraft, or aboard an unregistered ship or aircraft of the government of any country, shall be deemed to have been born in the place in which the ship or aircraft is registered or, as the case may be, in that country.
Any reference in this Chapter to the citizenship of a parent of a person at the time of that person’s birth, shall, in relation to a person born after the death of that parent, be construed as a reference to that parent’s citizenship at the time of death.
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